Iodine excess is uncommon and is caused by consuming too much of the mineral iodine, which can sometimes affect thyroid function. The two halves lobes of the gland are connected Iodine occurs in seawater. A small amount of iodine from seawater enters the atmosphere and, through rain, enters ground water and soil near the sea. In many areas, including the United States, table salt is fortified with iodine in its combination form iodide to help make sure people consume enough.
The body needs relatively large quantities of Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphate read more. Excess consumption of iodine is uncommon. It usually results from taking iodine supplements to treat a prolonged iodine deficiency. Sometimes people who live near the sea consume too much iodine because they eat a lot of seafood and seaweed and drink water that is high in iodine, as is common in northern Japan. Consuming too much iodine usually does not affect thyroid function, but sometimes it does.
It may cause the thyroid gland to become overactive and produce excess thyroid hormones hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is overactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to high levels of thyroid hormones and speeding up of vital body functions. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism However, sometimes excess iodine can decrease production of thyroid hormones causing hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is underactivity of the thyroid gland that leads to inadequate production of thyroid hormones and a slowing of vital body functions.
To make adequate amounts of iodine available for proper fetal and infant development, several national and international groups recommend that pregnant and breastfeeding women and infants take iodine supplements.
The American Thyroid Association recommends that women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding take a daily supplement containing mcg iodine as potassium iodide. The American Academy of Pediatrics has similar guidance.
However, only about half the prenatal multivitamins sold in the United States contain iodine. Severe iodine deficiency during childhood has harmful effects on the development of the brain and nervous system.
The effects of mild iodine deficiency during childhood are more difficult to measure, but mild iodine deficiency might cause subtle problems with neurological development. Giving iodine supplements to children with mild iodine deficiency improves their reasoning abilities and overall cognitive function. In children living in iodine-deficient areas, iodine supplements seem to improve both physical and mental development.
More study is needed to fully understand the effects of mild iodine deficiency and of iodine supplements on cognitive function. Although not harmful, fibrocystic breast disease causes lumpy, painful breasts. It mainly affects women of reproductive age but can also occur during menopause. Very high doses of iodine supplements might reduce the pain and other symptoms of fibrocystic breast disease, but more study is necessary to confirm this.
Check with your healthcare provider before taking iodine for this condition, especially because iodine can be unsafe at high doses. Nuclear accidents can release radioactive iodine into the environment, increasing the risk of thyroid cancer in people who are exposed to the radioactive iodine, especially children. People with iodine deficiency who are exposed to radioactive iodine are especially at risk of developing thyroid cancer. The U.
Food and Drug Administration has approved potassium iodide as a thyroid-blocking agent to reduce the risk of thyroid cancer in radiation emergencies. Yes, if you get too much. Getting high levels of iodine can cause some of the same symptoms as iodine deficiency, including goiter an enlarged thyroid gland.
High iodine intakes can also cause thyroid gland inflammation and thyroid cancer. Getting a very large dose of iodine several grams, for example can cause burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; stomach pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea ; weak pulse; and coma.
The daily upper limits for iodine include intakes from all sources—food, beverages, and supplements—and are listed below.
These levels do not apply to people who are taking iodine for medical reasons under the care of a doctor. Iodine supplements can interact or interfere with medicines that you take.
Here are several examples:. Tell your doctor, pharmacist, and other healthcare providers about any dietary supplements and prescription or over-the-counter medicines you take. They can tell you if these dietary supplements might interact with your medicines. Dietary reference intakes. Washington, D.
Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; Iodine content of prenatal multivitamins in the united states. N Engl J Med ; Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum.
Thyroid ; Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes ;
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