Certain medical conditions can lead to an unusually high level of these chemicals in your pee. Types of kidney stones Kidney stones come in a variety of sizes, shapes and colours. The main types of kidney stones are: calcium stones, the most common type of stone struvite stones, usually caused by an infection, like a urine infection uric acid stones, usually caused by a large amount of acid in your urine Recurrent kidney stones People who keep getting kidney stones include those who: eat a high-protein, low-fibre diet are inactive or bed-bound have a family history of kidney stones have had several kidney or urinary infections have had a kidney stone before, particularly if it was before they were 25 years old Medicines Certain medicines may increase your risk of developing recurrent kidney stones.
This lowers the concentration of oxalate in the urine, so there is less chance it can bind to urinary calcium. That leads to decreased risk of kidney stones. Reduce sodium: A high-sodium diet can trigger kidney stones because it increases the amount of calcium in your urine.
So, a low-sodium diet is recommended for the stone prone. Current guidelines suggest limiting total daily sodium intake to 2, mg. If sodium has contributed to kidney stones in the past, try to reduce your daily intake to 1, mg. This will also be good for your blood pressure and heart. Limit animal protein: Eating too much animal protein, such as red meat, poultry, eggs, and seafood, boosts the level of uric acid and could lead to kidney stones.
If kidney stones block the passage of urine, a kidney infection may result. The symptoms include:. Learn more about the early signs and symptoms of kidney stones. If they block the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder, urine will not be able to pass out of the body. This dysfunction increases the risk of a UTI or kidney infection. If recurring kidney stones cause blockages in the urinary system, this can increase the risk of chronic kidney disease. There are four different types of stone: calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine.
Calcium stones form when the kidneys retain the excess calcium that the muscles and bones do not use, rather than flushing it out of the body. The calcium combines with other waste products to form crystals, such as calcium oxalate , which clump together to make a stone. Uric acid stones result from a lack of water in the body. Urine contains uric acid.
When there is not enough water to dilute the uric acid, the urine becomes more acidic. Cystine stones develop when cystine, a substance present in the muscles, builds up in urine. These are rare. The American Urological Association say that people who are susceptible to kidney stones should consume enough fluid to produce 2.
On average, this means consuming close to 3 l, or about oz, of fluid a day. Not all of this needs to come from water. Various medications , such as allopurinol Zyloprim and topiramate Topamax , can also increase the risk. People should check with their doctor if they have concerns about any medications they are taking. Here, find out what kidney stones look like. Treatment will focus on managing symptoms and removing the stone. There are various ways to do this. How long do kidney stones take to pass?
Large stones may need other types of intervention, such as shock wave lithotripsy SWL , ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy PCNL. SWL involves the use of ultrasound waves to break the stone into smaller pieces to make it easier to pass. They will then use laser energy to break up the stone.
0コメント