Because O has 6 valence electrons. H has 1 valence electron. When they bond, they each give eachother a valence electron. O ends up with 7. H ends up with 2. In this OH or HO bond, neither atom has lost an electron. No tug of war has been won or lost. Some might argue that oxygen might be pulling hydrogen's electron a bit closer to itself for a few physical reasons, and hence 'winning' - but the match has not ended, so no one can be declared a winner or loser, a taker of electrons, hence no charge, as a prize or show of strength , can yet be denoted.
Oxygen would have seven electrons in its orbital flux aura, one away from having an octet and a complete shell. In this way I think that in theory we coukd see O I think this woukd refer to a single monatomic oxygen atom that has taken two extra electrons, and hence, will be somewhat stabke with a full outer shell. It seems therefore, that when we see an atom or compound polyatimic molecule with a charge, we should be reminded to think of battle scars and spoils of war - that this atom or polyatom has a history of wars over electrons with other atoms and polyatoms, and its charge is a symbol of its current state of winnings or losings.
Some don't seem to even need to go to war. Noble gases have full outer shells before they have even gone to battle over electrons.
They are sort of born into a position of abundance and luxury, though it may be lonely nonetheless. It is also pretty hard for other atoms to even get into a tug of war with a noble gas, let alone win. I think this refers to the notion that this aluminium has lost 3 electrons. If so, it has lost 3 valence electrons to something or many things, at some point in the past. It is quite stable having lost its valence electrons because only had 3, which means its valence electrons are now gone.
Can it be made to react again then? Yes, I think so, but the chemistry eludes me. The pseudo aspect might be that this stable state is not as strong as a real noble. This means it will have a slight tendency to pull in electrons and create a new shell that is not full, even though it has a full outer shell now.
I think the same is true of certain pseudo noble anions, in an opposite sense. Some pseudo noble anions might really be pretty stable though. Same with some cations. I think it is pretty hard for cations or any atoms to steal electrons from non bonding non valence orbitals like inner ones.
I think x rays might be able to temporarily knock out a inner core electron, but possibly not without causing a lot of energy to be released as well. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams?
Learn more. Why does the hydroxide ion have a negative charge? Chemical Reviews , 23 , Tan , Chennupati Jagadish , Siva K. Carbon dioxide adsorption and activation on gallium phosphide surface monitored by ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , 54 23 , Non-oxide semiconductors for artificial photosynthesis: Progress on photoelectrochemical water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction.
Nano Today , 30 , Optimal functionalization of a molecular electrocatalyst for hydride transfer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 46 , Surface strategies for catalytic CO 2 reduction: from two-dimensional materials to nanoclusters to single atoms. Chemical Society Reviews , 48 21 , Senftle , Emily A. ChemSusChem , 11 9 , Water adsorption on the P-rich GaP surface: optical spectroscopy from first principles.
New Journal of Physics , 20 3 , Efficient nanomaterials for harvesting clean fuels from electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO 2 reduction. Lebedev , Bernhard Kaiser , Wolfram Jaegermann. Interaction of liquid water with the p-GaInP 2 surface covered with submonolayer oxide.
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics , 20 32 , Advanced Materials Interfaces , 4 21 , Journal of Colloid and Interface Science , , Kronawitter , Z. Chen , P. Zhao , X. Yang , B. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of pyridinium enabled by surface proton transfer reactions.
Advanced Energy Materials , 6 13 , Stability of surface protons in pyridine-catalyzed CO 2 reduction at p-GaP photoelectrodes. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics , 18 38 , Pair your accounts.
Your Mendeley pairing has expired. Please reconnect. Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. It only takes a minute to sign up.
Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I am confused as to why OH has a negative charge, between all of the bonds and the free electrons there are 8 electrons and there are 9 protons 8 from the oxygen and 1 from the hydrogen.
Consider the electron configuration of oxygen. For oxygen to be neutral, it needs 6 valence electrons. Neutral oxygen has 6 valence electrons but it wants to follow the octet rule. In the case of the hydroxide ion, oxygen is going to follow the octet rule.
It will have three pairs of electrons surrounding it, and it will participate in a covalent bond with hydrogen, satisfying the octet rule:. If you look at the bond in this picture, you will notice that it changes color half way through. If you draw a circle around oxygen and a circle around hydrogen, splitting the bond in half, you can calculate their formal charges.
Remember that a covalent bond is two electrons being shared by two atoms.
0コメント